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Uterine problems in mares such as endometritis, an inflammation of the uterine lining, reduces foaling rates. In particular, major losses stem from failure to conceive and early embryonic death. If owners and vets were able to predict which mares have uterine problems early in the breeding season, those losses could largely be avoided.

Diagnostic testing can “provide more accurate information about endometritis and the real endometrial profile at the beginning of a breeding season,” advised a veterinary research team specializing in problem mares.

An array of tests is currently available, including:

  • Clinical examination;
  • Transrectal palpation with ultrasound examination of the reproductive tract;
  • Vaginal and cervical examinations;
  • Uterine cytology and culturing (by collecting samples and sending them to a laboratory for analysis); and
  • Endometrial biopsy, the current “gold standard test” for uterine disorders, including endometritis.

Those tests, especially when two or more tests are used concurrently, help rapidly diagnose uterine disease.

Common causes of endometritis include bacterial infections, damage to the endometrium during collection of embryos and implantation of embryos when assisted reproductive technologies are employed, and even post-breeding endometritis in programs mandating natural cover.

“Once identified, then appropriate treatment strategies directly targeted at the specific problem can be implemented to minimize reproductive losses,” explained Laura Petroski-Rose, B.V.M.S., a Kentucky Equine Research veterinarian.

She added, “As the veterinarians pointed out in their study, endometritis is not the only uterine disease that causes embryo loss. Endometrial fibrosis, an abnormal scarring of the inner lining, can also result in poor outcomes.

In addition to early recognition of underlying uterine disease, nutrition plays an integral role in successful breeding programs.

“Omega-3 fatty acids have natural anti-inflammatory properties and support multiple, intricate processes before, during, and after breeding. Kentucky Equine Research offers a scientifically based omega-3 supplement, EO-3, that is easily top-dressed on feed to maximize the breeding careers of broodmares,” Petroski-Rose noted.

*Rua, M.A.S., C.R. Quirino, R.B. Ribeiro, et al. 2018. Diagnostic methods to detect uterus illnesses in mares. Theriogenology. 114:285-292.

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